Enduring Deficits in Low-Level Visual Function Several studies have characterized low-level vision in Prakash children post-treatment. While significant improvements in visual acuity and spatial contrast sensitivity have been observed, these remain systematically lower than those of age-matched controls, even after years of follow-up. This suggests that extended early deprivation imposes lasting constraints on basic visual function, despite surgical intervention.

Acquisition of Higher-Order Object Perception Skills In contrast to their foundational deficits, Prakash children exhibit progressive gains in higher-order object perception. Studies have documented improvements in tasks like face localization, expression classification, and biological motion perception, even after long periods of congenital blindness. These findings challenge traditional views on critical periods for visual learning, demonstrating that complex perceptual skills can emerge well past these windows.

Structural and Functional Neural Changes Following Late Sight Onset Longitudinal neuroimaging of Prakash children has revealed significant post-surgical neural plasticity, including changes in functional connectivity and white matter integrity . EEG studies have further documented reductions in VEP latencies, suggesting myelin plasticity in the optic tract. While differences from typically sighted individuals may persist [53-56], these findings underscore the brain's capacity for significant, late-stage adaptation.

Theoretical Contributions and Broader Implications Data from Project Prakash have contributed to broader theoretical frameworks, including the Adaptive Initial Degradation (AID) hypothesis, which posits that initial exposure to higher-quality imagery can hinder subsequent visual learning This perspective has implications for understanding early developmental impairments, designing therapeutic interventions, and even informing Al training methodologies. Additionally, the project has provided potential insights into foundational questions like Molyneux's query and information processing challenges in autism.